Shih Tzu Dog Breed Characteristics | Temperament, Size & Care Guide

Diet and Nutrition

To maintain your Shih Tzu’s health, you must ensure its proper diet and nutrition to keep it healthy. Its diet should include high-quality dog food, which is rich in protein, essential fatty acids, and limited carbohydrates.

Proteins are important for providing consistent energy. They build and repair muscles, form new skin, hair, nails, and other tissue. It keeps the immune system healthy and makes hormones, enzymes, and antibodies.

Fat is the second most important nutrient in this dog’s diet. Properly balanced fats are essential for optimal health and also provide energy. Also, raw and natural vitamins and minerals are necessary.

Water is essential for the proper functioning of a dog’s body. A dog’s body is made up of approximately 70% water. As such, water is a vital nutrient for all cells, systems, and functions. Water ensures the regulation of body temperature and healthy organ function..

It helps the digestion and absorption of nutrients and prevents dehydration. Water also helps to flush out toxins and waste products from the body and enables lubrication and cushioning of joints, supporting ease of movement.

Feeding Guide

A general feeding guide for a Shih Tzu dog based on age is given below:

Grooming & Care

Shih Tzu dogs require a lot of grooming compared to other dogs. As it is known for its luxurious double coat and long, flowy hair, it requires a lot of maintenance.

Some basic grooming activities for a Shih Tzu dog are described below:

• Wiping Face and Eyes: It is one of the most important activities for grooming a Shih Tzu. Due to this breed's prominent eyes, it's very important to keep the eye area clean. It’s necessary to remove dust, allergens, and other possible irritants to protect its eyes. Daily wiping helps keep tear stains from developing.
• Brushing and Combing: It is an important part of keeping a Shih Tzu clean and tidy. Regular brushing allows blood flow to hair follicles for a healthier coat, removes germs and irritants, distributes natural body oils for a strong coat, and separates hairs to prevent tangles.
• Haircut: As this dog’s hair can grow really long, it is important to give it a haircut regularly. Haircuts can improve vision and prevent eye infections. It also reduces shedding and prevents various skin problems. Haircuts can help to maintain proper hygiene and make grooming easier.
• Bathing: Shih Tzus need a bath about once every 3 weeks. Too many baths can cause dry skin, and not enough bathing can lead to unpleasant smells and skin issues. So, it's best to stay on a schedule and not to stray far from it.
• Trimming Nails: Shih Tzu's nails need to be trimmed about once every 6 weeks. If the nails grow too long, they may be irritating for the dog. 
• Ear Cleaning: Cleaning the ears regularly, every 1-2 weeks, is important to remove any excess earwax and debris that may have accumulated. If a Shih Tzu is prone to excess wax or ear infections, ear cleaning will need to be done more often. Flushing and cleaning the ear canals is necessary every 4-6 weeks as well.

Additionally, it is good to visit a salon for your dog for more expert grooming at regular intervals. This is how you can successfully groom a Shih Tzu.

Common Health Issues

Like every other dog, Shih Tzus can have health issues too. In fact, Shih Tzus can be more prone to health conditions sometimes. Some common health issues of Shih Tzus are described below:

Eye Problems

Shih Tzus can suffer from eye problems. It's mainly because of the shape of their skulls and their big, bulgy eyes, which expose their eyes more than other breeds.

Because the Shih Tzu has large eyes and shallow eye sockets, foreign materials that fly around in the air can enter the area under its eyes, leading to infections. If any foreign object scratches its eyes, or if the dog rubs its eyes with its paws, it can also lead to corneal ulcers. 

The loss of transparency of the lens of the eye, which is Cataracts, may happen. When this occurs, the dog will lose vision in that eye. If this condition affects both eyes, it can lead to blindness. If the eyelids turn inward, the dog can suffer from Entropion. Epiphoria can also happen, which is also referred to as 'wet eye,' or an overflow of tears or excessive tearing.

Besides, other common eye problems may include Proptosis (eye displaced from the socket), cherry eye, dry eye, eyelash disorders, glaucoma, retinal detachment, etc.

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) occurs in all dog breeds with brachycephaly. This is a scientific term describing a dog that has a shortened muzzle (or nose) due to its breed. The skull bones of these dogs are compressed such that the dog has a more flattened or “pushed-in” facial conformation compared to other dogs.

It refers to a specific combination of abnormalities that affects a dog’s airway and breathing. The common symptoms of this are breathing difficulties, panting, trouble eating, snoring, noisy/mouth breathing, coughing, exercise intolerance, collapse, and even fainting in severe cases.

Due to the shape of the Shih Tzu’s skull, this is a common problem for all Shih Tzu dogs, and since it is a genetic problem, there is no specific way to tackle this.

Dental Disease

Shih Tzus are more likely to develop dental problems because their mouths are smaller than other dog breeds. Because their mouths are so short and tiny, they can have problems with crowded teeth. Their teeth, especially premolars, often have a different orientation than dogs with bigger mouths.

Common Shih Tzu dental diseases may include plaque buildup and hardening to tartar, causing bad breath, periodontal diseases, retaining baby teeth, crowded teeth, malocclusion, loose teeth, etc. Misaligned teeth can be more than a cosmetic issue, as they can lead to real health problems.

Neglecting the Shih Tzu’s dental health can lead to more serious health complications, including heart, liver, and kidney diseases. Brushing teeth regularly, dental treats or chew toys, diet matters, and professional cleaning are important to keep the dog’s teeth healthy.

Hip Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia in Shih Tzus is a complex condition affecting a dog's hip joint and socket, involving various anatomical components crucial for mobility.

This condition arises from abnormalities in the structure and function of the hip joint, which includes abnormal joint structure, weakened support structures, and subluxation. Hip dysplasia can affect one or both hips in a Shih Tzu. In many cases, even if symptoms are initially apparent in only one hip, the Shih Tzu’s other hip may also be affected to some degree, either at the same time or later.

To treat the hip dysplasia in a Shih Tzu, reduce its weight to take stress off the hips. Restrict exercises, especially on hard surfaces. Use physical therapy for faster recovery. Joint supplements, anti-inflammatory medications (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids), and joint fluid modifiers can be used too.

Ear Infections

The long ears of the Shih Tzu have a moist and warm texture, which is prone to causing ear infections from bacteria, yeast, fungus, and other parasites. Because of their long ears, Shih Tzus are no strangers to ear infections.

When a Shih Tzu gets an ear infection, its ears get smelly, itchy, or gunky, often with a dark discharge. Some symptoms of ear infections are head shaking, hearing loss, brown, yellow or bloody discharge, scratching around the head, unusual eye movements, erythema, etc.

It is required to thoroughly clean the dog’s ears using a medicated ear cleanser. In severe cases of dog ear infections, oral antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications may be needed. It is also recommended to wipe the ears regularly to keep them dry. If proper treatment is provided, the recovery can take 1-2 weeks, but in case of complications, it can take months.

Orthopedic Issues

Shih Tzus may suffer from different types of orthopedic issues because their conformation, short legs that are often twisted rather than straight, tends to put more stress on their joints. These may include luxating patella (kneecap dislocation), hip dysplasia, Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD), and other diseases.

The Shih Tzu is prone to intervertebral disc disease, which can cause lameness in one or more limbs. It could also be the Luxating Patella, a condition where the kneecap (patella) dislocates from its normal position in the groove of the thigh bone. There are also other orthopedic diseases like Chondrodysplasia, Degenerative Disc Disease, and Angular Limb Deformities.

To prevent these diseases, it is important to take the dog for regular vet checkups, control its weight, have an exercise routine, and provide its important dietary supplements.

Glomerulonephritis

This is a type of kidney disease that can affect Shih Tzus. It occurs when the glomeruli become inflamed and damaged, leading to impaired filtering of blood.

The symptoms may include increased thirst and urination. As the disease progresses, symptoms can worsen, including weight loss, lethargy, vomiting, and fluid buildup in the abdomen and legs. While some cases may be successfully managed, others can progress to chronic kidney disease and kidney failure.

The treatment of this focuses on managing the underlying cause, if possible, and managing the symptoms of kidney failure. It may involve medication, dietary changes, and fluid therapy.

Skin Problems

Shih Tzus are prone to a variety of skin problems due to their long coat. These can range from common, relatively minor concerns to more serious conditions that might require prompt attention.

The common skin reactions are hot spots, hair loss, dry flaky skin, and rashes. Serious skin issues may include eczema, pyoderma, sebaceous adenitis, and skin yeast infections. The symptoms are usually skin irritation and redness, itchiness, odor, thickened skin, discoloration, etc.

It is necessary to give Shih Tzus regular baths at home to keep them free from skin problems. Antifungal shampoos are also recommended. If the condition gets too serious, a vet should be consulted as soon as possible.

Other Common Concerns

Shih Tzus can have other common health concerns too. Some of them are described below:

• Obesity: If fed too much, Shih Tzus can become overweight for their size. And that can lead to various health problems.
• Portosystemic Shunt: This is a liver condition where blood doesn't flow properly to the liver, potentially causing stunted growth and seizures.
• Cushing's Disease: This is a hormonal disorder where the body produces too much cortisol.
• Bleeding Disorders: Von Willebrand’s disease is a blood clotting disorder frequently found in Shih Tzus.
• Heart Disease: Shih Tzus are prone to heart disease, mostly the mitral valve disease, which can lead to congestive heart failure.
• Hypothyroidism: This is an endocrine disease in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones.

So, these are the common health issues of Shih Tzus. Taking care of this dog is highly important. Also, it is good to go to the vet for regular checkups for early precautions.

Why is the Shih Tzu Suitable as a Pet?

Shih Tzus are a very suitable breed to be pets. The reasons behind this are described below:

Affectionate and Loyal

Shih Tzus are naturally affectionate and loving. They are also loyal to their owners and protective of them. They are playful, intelligent, and they focus on pleasing their owner.

A Shih Tzu shows love in diverse and subtle ways, requiring attentive observation to fully appreciate. From physical gestures like tail wagging and leaning to behavioral signs like following and bringing gifts, these expressions of affection reflect the depth of the bond a Shih Tzu has formed.

Good with Children

Shih Tzus are great family pets, which makes them good with children too. Shih Tzus are exceptionally affectionate, tender, and kid-friendly, that they make the best companions for kids. Many Shih Tzu owners also agreed that they get along with children very quickly, even without training.

However, they still need to be kept under observation, as rough play with Shih Tzus can overstimulate the dog and lead to aggressive behavior.

Adaptable to Living Spaces

Even though Shih Tzus are outgoing dogs, they can still adapt to house and apartment settings. They are small in size and are family-friendly dogs, which makes them adaptable to living spaces.

Also, their exercise needs are comparatively low and can adapt to different routines easily, which enables them to fit into the environment. Their grooming can also be done inside the apartment.

Moderate Exercise Needs

Shih Tzus do not require a lot of exercise and training. It is recommended to walk them every day for 15-30 minutes to keep them healthy. You can also provide them with 20-30 minutes of playtime for mental stimulation and physical activity. Toys can also work in this matter.

It is important to consider their weight in order to know how much you should train them. Generally, you should train the dog more in case it is overweight.

Enjoy Companionship

Historically, Shih Tzus were bred to be companion dogs for royalty, and this is reflected in their affectionate and outgoing personalities. They are great companions and love to do everything with their owners, from going on walks with them to sleeping beside them.

They are happiest when they are part of the family’s daily activities and receive plenty of attention and love. They love to stay close, follow their owner from room to room, and quickly curl up beside them if given the chance.

Friendly Disposition

Shih Tzus are social dogs, and they enjoy being around people, so it is easy for you to bond with them. They are often described as "lap dogs" due to their love of cuddling and closeness. This is an extroverted breed that likes being around people, performing tricks, and showing off their friendly dispositions.

To make them friendly, socialization with people and other pets is important. It is also important to pay enough attention to them as they are prone to separation anxiety.

So, we can come to know that these are the specific reasons why the Shih Tzu is perfect for being a pet.

Pros and Cons of Owning a Shih Tzu

Owning a Shih Tzu has its advantages and limitations. The pros and cons of owning a Shih Tzu are given below:

So, we can come to know that these are the pros and cons of owning a Shih Tzu.

Key Considerations Before Getting A Shih Tzu

Owning a dog is a huge commitment, especially when you’re owning a Shih Tzu. The key considerations and important things you need to know before getting a Shih Tzu are given below:

• Grooming Needs: Due to having long hair and a double coat, the Shih Tzu needs a lot of high-maintenance grooming on a regular basis. Otherwise, the hair might get tangled, and the body may stay unclean, which can lead to skin and health problems.
• Picky with Food: These dogs may sometimes have mood swings when it comes to food. One day, they might like what you are feeding them, and the next day, they might look at you and act like you are feeding them something disgusting.
• Requires Attention: Shih Tzus require a lot of attention due to their loving and affectionate nature. In case they stay alone for a long time, they will feel ignored, and that can cause separation anxiety.
• Barking: Even though they are small, Shih Tzus have a strong bark, and they aren’t afraid to use it. Some Shih Tzus can be quite the little watchdogs, which sounds good, until they start barking at every little noise.
• Commitment and Time: These dogs require a lot of time, attention, and care. Your patience is important too. They are companion dogs and thrive on human companionship. So, be prepared to spend time grooming, exercising, and playing with the dog. 
• Health Issues: Shih Tzus are prone to certain health issues, like eye problems, dental disease, respiratory difficulties, allergies, etc. You must consider consulting a vet regularly before buying a Shih Tzu.
• Stubborn: ShIh Tzus can also be stubborn sometimes, so training them can get a little difficult. Consistency, positive reinforcement, and patience are required to train these dogs.

Therefore, you must consider these key factors before getting a Shih Tzu in order to make sure you are making their upbringing healthy and comfortable.

Shih Tzu Fun Facts and FAQs

Here are a few more fun facts and frequently asked questions about the Shih Tzu to guide you further:

Do Shih Tzus shed a lot?

No, Shih Tzus don't shed a lot, and their hair-like coat, instead of fur like the other dogs, contributes to this low shedding.

Are Shih Tzus Hypoallergenic? 

Yes, Shih Tzus are considered hypoallergenic as they can be a good fit for people who have allergies. But they are not 100% hypoallergenic, as no dog is.

Are Shih Tzus Hard to Train?

Sometimes, Shih Tzus can be challenging to train due to being stubborn and independent in nature, though they are also intelligent and eager to please. Consistency, positive reinforcement, and patience are important to train them successfully.

Common Problem with Shih Tzu?

Shih Tzus are prone to a lot of common and hereditary health problems. These may include eye problems, skin problems, respiratory issues, and joint problems too.

Can a Shih Tzu be Left Alone at Home?

You can leave Shih Tzus alone at home for a short period of time. However, leaving them home alone for a long period may cause separation anxiety.

What is an "Imperial" Shih Tzu?

Imperial Shih Tzus are the result of breeding two dogs who are below breed standards in terms of weight in order to produce smaller puppies. Somehow, the price of these dogs is higher compared to the normal ones.

Do Shih Tzus bark a lot?

Shih Tzus are vocal dogs, but they don’t necessarily bark too much. Their bark is triggered by strangers, doorbells, footsteps, etc., as they were used as watchdogs in the past, and they alert their owners about visitors.

Conclusion

Shih Tzus are basically small and cute hairballs that are loving and affectionate, social, intelligent, and playful. These dogs make a great family pet as they are great companions, devoted to their owners, and can get along with people of all ages.

Also, there are a lot of cautions and considerations to take before getting a Shih Tzu and even after getting one. As getting a dog is a matter of great commitment and patience, it is very important to be ready to take care of this dog in every case, starting from its intense grooming, food maintenance, and health management. You need to be extra careful with this dog, as we have mentioned that it has long hair and can be prone to a lot of health issues.

Overall, it is important to stay close to your Shih Tzu most of the time and to take proper care of it through grooming, checking for medical issues, and paying it attention. If you follow these rules, you will gain success in the upbringing of your Shih Tzu.

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